Ka Moolelo o Pulse Oximetry

Ke laha nui nei ka coronavirus hou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua hōʻea ka nānā ʻana o ka poʻe i ke olakino i kahi pae i ʻike ʻole ʻia.ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka coronavirus hou i ka māmā a me nā ʻōpū hanu ʻē aʻe e hana nui i ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino i kēlā me kēia lā.E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, ua hoʻokomo nui ʻia nā mea hana pulse oximeter i loko o ke ola o nā kānaka i kēlā me kēia lā a ua lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi no ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino home.

No laila, ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo wai ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka pulse oximeter hou?
E like me ka nui o nā holomua ʻepekema, ʻaʻole ʻo ka pulse oximeter o kēia manawa ka noʻonoʻo o kekahi kanaka akamai.E hoʻomaka ana mai kahi manaʻo primitive, ʻeha, lohi a impractical i ka waena o 1800s, a ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli, ua hoʻomau ka nui o nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekini lapaʻau i ka hana ʻenehana i ke ana ʻana i nā pae oxygen koko, e hoʻoikaika ana e Hāʻawi i kahi wikiwiki, lawe a me ka ʻole. -invasive pulse oximetry ala.
1840 ʻIke ʻia ʻo Hemoglobin, ka mea e lawe ana i nā molekole oxygen i loko o ke koko
Ma ka waena a hiki i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1800, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ke kino o ke kanaka e komo ai i ka oxygen a puʻunaue ia i loko o ke kino.
I ka makahiki 1840, ua ʻike ʻo Friedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, he lālā o ka German Biochemical Society, i ka hale aniani e lawe ana i ka oxygen i loko o ke koko, no laila e lūlū i nā hua o ka pulse oximetry hou.
I ka makahiki 1864, hāʻawi ʻo Felix Hoppe-Seyler i kēia mau hale aniani kilokilo i ko lākou inoa ponoʻī, he hemoglobin.ʻO nā haʻawina a Hope-Thaylor e pili ana i ka hemoglobin i alakaʻi i ka mea makemakika a me ka physicist Irish-British ʻo George Gabriel Stokes e aʻo i ka "hōʻemi pigmentary a me ka oxidation o nā protein i loko o ke koko."

I ka makahiki 1864, ua ʻike ʻo George Gabriel Stokes lāua ʻo Felix Hoppe-Seyler i nā hopena kikoʻī like ʻole o ke koko momona a me ka oxygen-ʻilihune ma lalo o ka mālamalama.
ʻO nā hoʻokolohua a George Gabriel Stokes lāua ʻo Felix Hoppe-Seyler i ka makahiki 1864 i loaʻa i nā hōʻike spectroscopic o ka hemoglobin paʻa i ka oxygen.Ua nānā lākou:
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻulaʻula cherry ʻulaʻula ma lalo o ke kukui, ʻoiai ʻo ke koko ʻilihune-oxygenated (hemoglobine unoxygenated) ʻike ʻia ka ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula.E hoʻololi ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka laʻana koko like ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i nā ʻokoʻa oxygen.He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ke koko waiwai o ka oxygen, a ʻo ke koko ʻilihune-oxygen e ʻike ʻia ka poni-ʻulaʻula hohonu.ʻO kēia hoʻololi kala ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona spectral absorption o nā molekele hemoglobin i ka wā e hui pū ai me ka oxygen.Hāʻawi kēia ʻike i nā hōʻike spectroscopic pololei no ka hana lawe oxygen o ke koko a kau i ke kumu ʻepekema no ka hui ʻana o ka hemoglobin a me ka oxygen.

Akā, i ka manawa a Stokes lāua ʻo Hope-Taylor e hana ana i kā lāua mau hoʻokolohua, ʻo ke ala wale nō e ana ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygenation koko o ka mea maʻi, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i kahi laʻana koko a hoʻopaʻa ʻia.He ʻeha kēia ʻano hana, hoʻoweliweli, a lohi loa e hāʻawi i nā kauka i ka manawa kūpono e hana ai i ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia.A ʻo nā kaʻina hana invasive a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻina hana e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau nila.Hiki mai kēia maʻi ma ka ʻāina a i ʻole e laha a lilo i maʻi ʻōnaehana.pela e alakai ai i ka lapaau
lāʻau ulia pōpilikia.

I ka makahiki 1935, ua hana ke kauka Kelemania ʻo Karl Matthes i kahi oximeter e hoʻomālamalama i ke koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pepeiao me nā hawewe ʻelua.
Ua haku ke kauka Kelemania ʻo Karl Matthes i kahi mea hana i ka makahiki 1935 i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻūpoʻo o ka mea maʻi a hiki ke hoʻomālamalama maʻalahi i loko o ke koko o ka mea maʻi.I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kala ʻelua o ka māmā, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula, e ʻike i ka hele ʻana o ka hemoglobin oxygenated, akā ʻo ia mau mea hana he akamai i ka hana hou, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka mea paʻakikī lākou e calibrate a hāʻawi wale i nā hiʻohiʻona saturation ma mua o nā hopena parameter.

Hoʻokumu ʻo Inventor a me physiologist ʻo Glenn Millikan i ka oximeter portable mua i nā makahiki 1940
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Glenn Millikan ka mea hoʻokumu ʻAmelika a me ka physiologist i kahi headset i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka oximeter portable mua.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka huaʻōlelo "oximetry."
Ua hana ʻia ka hāmeʻa no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pono o kahi mea hana no nā pailaka o ke Kaua Honua II i lele i kekahi manawa i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā oximeter pepeiao o Millikan i ka mokulele kaua.

1948–1949: Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Earl Wood i ka oximeter o Millikan
ʻO kekahi mea i mālama ʻole ʻia e Millikan i kāna hāmeʻa ʻo ia ka pono e kūkulu i ke koko i loko o ka pepeiao.
Ua hoʻokumu ke kauka Mayo Clinic ʻo Earl Wood i kahi mea oximetry e hoʻohana ana i ke kaomi ea e hoʻoikaika hou i ke koko i loko o ka pepeiao, e hopena i ka heluhelu pololei a hilinaʻi i ka manawa maoli.He ʻāpana kēia headset o ka ʻōnaehana Wood ear oximeter i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā makahiki 1960.

1964: Ua hana ʻo Robert Shaw i ka oximeter pepeiao heluhelu piha
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Robert Shaw, he kauka lapaʻau ma Kapalakiko, e hoʻohui i nā lōʻihi nalu o ka māmā i ka oximeter, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke ʻano ʻike kumu mua a Matisse e hoʻohana ai i ʻelua mau nalu o ka mālamalama.
Aia i loko o ka mea hana a Shaw he ʻewalu mau nalu o ka mālamalama, kahi e hoʻohui ai i nā ʻikepili hou aʻe i ka oximeter e helu ai i nā pae koko oxygenated.Manaʻo ʻia kēia mea ʻo ia ka oximeter pepeiao heluhelu piha mua.

1970: Hoʻomaka ʻo Hewlett-Packard i ka oximeter pāʻoihana mua
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka oximeter o Shaw he pipiʻi, nui, a pono e wili ʻia mai kahi lumi a i kahi lumi o ka haukapila.Eia naʻe, hōʻike ia i ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana o nā loina o ka pulse oximetry e kūʻai ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke kalepa.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Hewlett-Packard i ka oximeter pepeiao ʻewalu lōʻihi i ka makahiki 1970 a hoʻomau i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā oximeters pulse.

1972-1974: Hoʻokumu ʻo Takuo Aoyagi i ke kumu hou o ka pulse oximeter
ʻOiai e noiʻi ana i nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kahi hāmeʻa e ana i ke kahe o ke koko, ua hāʻule ka ʻenekini Kepani ʻo Takuo Aoyagi i kahi ʻike i loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi no kekahi pilikia: pulse oximetry.Ua ʻike ʻo ia e hiki ke ana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygenation i loko o ke koko e ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.

Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Takuo Aoyagi i kēia kumumanaʻo i kāna mea hana ʻo Nihon Kohden, nāna i hoʻomohala i ka oximeter OLV-5100.Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1975, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hāmeʻa ʻo ia ka oximeter pepeiao mua o ka honua e pili ana i ke kumu Aoyagi o ka pulse oximetry.ʻAʻole i kūleʻa ʻia ka ʻoihana a ua nānā ʻole ʻia kona ʻike no kekahi manawa.Kaulana ka mea noiʻi Kepani ʻo Takuo Aoyagi no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka "pulse" i loko o ka pulse oximetry ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nalu i hana ʻia e nā pulse arterial e ana a helu iā SpO2.Ua hōʻike mua ʻo ia i ka hana a kāna hui i ka makahiki 1974. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka oximeter pulse hou.

I ka makahiki 1977, ua hānau ʻia ka oximeter pulse oximeter mua o OXIMET Met 1471.
Ma hope mai, hāʻawi ʻo Masaichiro Konishi lāua ʻo Akio Yamanishi o Minolta i kahi manaʻo like.Ma 1977, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Minolta i ka oximeter pulse fingertip mua, ʻo ka OXIMET Met 1471, ka mea i hoʻomaka e hoʻokumu i kahi ala hou e ana i ka pulse oximetry me nā manamana lima.

Ma ka makahiki 1987, ua kaulana ʻo Aoyagi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokumu i ka oximeter pulse hou.Manaʻo ʻo Aoyagi i ka "hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana nānā hoʻomau non-invasive" no ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi.Hoʻokomo nā oximeters pulse o kēia manawa i kēia kumu, a wikiwiki a ʻeha ʻole nā ​​mea hana o kēia lā no nā maʻi.
1983 ʻO ka oximeter pulse mua a Nellcor
I ka makahiki 1981, ua hoʻokumu ʻo William New a me ʻelua mau hoa hana i kahi hui hou i kapa ʻia ʻo Nellcor.Ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i kā lākou pulse oximeter mua i ka makahiki 1983 i kapa ʻia ʻo Nellcor N-100.Ua hoʻohana ʻo Nellcor i nā holomua i ka ʻenehana semiconductor e kūʻai i nā oximeter manamana lima like.ʻAʻole wale ʻo ka N-100 pololei a maʻalahi hoʻi, hoʻokomo pū ia i nā hiʻohiʻona hou i ka ʻenehana pulse oximetry, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hōʻailona lohe e hōʻike ana i ka pulse a me SpO2.

ʻO ka oximeter pulse fingertip i kēia manawa
Ua hoʻololi maikaʻi nā Pulse oximeters i nā pilikia he nui i hiki ke ala mai i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai e ana i nā pae koko oxygenated o ka mea maʻi.Loaʻa iā lākou ka pōmaikaʻi mai ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana kamepiula, e ʻae iā lākou e kālailai i ka noʻonoʻo māmā a me ka ʻikepili puʻuwai puʻuwai i loaʻa i nā pūʻolo liʻiliʻi.Hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā mea hōʻea kikohoʻe i nā ʻenekini olakino e hana i nā hoʻoponopono a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka heluhelu pulse oximeter.

Ka hopena
ʻO ke olakino ka waiwai mua o ke ola, a ʻo ka pulse oximeter ke kiaʻi olakino a puni ʻoe.E koho i kā mākou pulse oximeter a kau i ke olakino ma kou manamana lima!E hoʻolohe kākou i ka nānā ʻana i ka oxygen koko a mālama i ke olakino o mākou iho a me ko mākou ʻohana!